What is Liver Cirrhosis?
The liver is a large organ which has to perform many important functions in the body. It filters the blood of toxic and harmful substances, breaks down the proteins, and creates bile secretions to help the body absorb fats. When a person drinks too much of alcohol over the course of several decades, the body starts to replace the liver’s healthy tissue with scarred tissues. This is called liver cirrhosis disease.
Liver cirrhosis is irreversible damage or scarring to the liver due to advanced liver disease (such as hepatitis) that stops the liver functioning, causing potentially liver failure. Healthy tissue is replaced by areas of liver fibrosis and regenerative techniques, which changes the normal structure of the liver.
Liver cirrhosis is primarily caused due to excessive drinking of alcohol. Read about causes of liver cirrhosis.
According to CDC:
- Number of adults with diagnosed liver disease: 3.9 million
- Percent of adults with diagnosed liver disease: 1.6%
- Number of deaths: 38,170
- Deaths per 100,000 population: 12.0
What Complications Can Liver Cirrhosis Cause?
Liver cirrhosis can cause serious complications. Examples of these complications include:
- ascites, or a buildup of fluid in the stomach
- mental confusion
- internal bleeding, known as bleeding varices
- jaundice
Read about signs of cirrhosis.
The damaged liver affects almost every process of the body such as the functions of the digestive, hormonal, and circulatory systems.
Decompensated cirrhosis increases the risk of serious and potentially life-threatening complications as discussed above. If you develop decompensation, mortality rates without liver transplantation can be as high as 85% within 5 years.
The most serious complication is due to portal hypertension that is the increased pressure in the portal vein that carries blood from the intestine to your liver. These complications can be:
- Ascites (fluid buildup in the abdomen)
- Variceal hemorrhage – bleeding in the upper stomach and esophagus due to ruptured blood vessels
- Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis – this is the inflammation of the membrane that lines the abdomen. Other bacterial infections are also a common complication of cirrhosis.
- Hepatic encephalopathy, which causes damage to the brain. Impaired brain function occurs when the liver cannot detoxify harmful substances. One can get coma too.
- Liver cancer is another serious long-term risk with cirrhosis.
- Other liver complications can also occur due to cirrhosis disease.
People with liver cirrhosis have an increased risk for liver cancer. Other complications are:
- Kidney Failure: Portal hypertension can cause several types of complications, such as kidney failure.
- Osteoporosis : Some patients with cirrhosis also develop osteoporosis, which is a bone-thinning disease characterized by porous bones that are weak and susceptible to fracture.
- Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: Cirrhosis causes insulin resistance, which is associated with type 2 diabetes. As insulin resistance progresses and causes excess glucose to buildup in the blood. This leads to type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is also a risk factor for fatty liver diseases.
- Heart Problems: Cirrhosis may increase the risk for heart failure and other cardiovascular complications such as heart attack, coronary artery disease etc.
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